Two years on, Delhi govt recruitment board had no copy of 2024 exam paper; CIC fines officials

The Print: New Delhi: Tuesday, 30 June 2026.

The Central Information Commission (CIC) has pulled up the Delhi Subordinate Services Selection Board (DSSSB) after it did not provide a 2024 recruitment examination questionnaire to an RTI applicant even after two years claiming that it has not been received from the exam conducting agency. The CIC said the explanation reflected a “sheer lack of intent” to facilitate access to information.
Chief Information Commissioner Raj Kumar Goyal also imposed a penalty of Rs 15,000 each on two Central Public Information Officers (CPIOs) of the DSSSB for “gross violation” of the RTI Act, directing that the amount be recovered from their salaries in three equal instalments.
The case arose from an RTI application filed by a candidate seeking copies of her descriptive answer sheet, the online question paper and her responses for the Senior Personal Assistant and Personal Assistant Tier-II descriptive examination held on June 1, 2024.
In a strongly worded order, Goyal said the Commission was “baffled to note the complacency with which the CPIOs have responded” and that it was “clear beyond reasonable doubt that the CPIOs have not bothered” to ensure their replies complied with the RTI Act.
The Commission noted that while the applicant was initially told the information did not pertain to the concerned branches, the officers later “arbitrarily denied the information without referring to any provision of the RTI Act.” It observed that claiming the question papers of examinations conducted in 2024 were “still to be received from the exam conducting agency even in the year 2026” displayed a “sheer lack of intent” to facilitate access to information.
The CIC further said that “DSSSB, having hired an exam conducting agency, cannot plead that the record held by the exam conducting agency could not be procured despite the passage of two years”, while failing to show any attempt to obtain the records in 2024.
It held that the conduct of the officers “amounts to causing a deliberate and intentional obstruction” to the applicant’s right to information.
During the proceedings, a newly posted examination branch officer sought the question paper from the agency through an email on April 30 this year, and the agency supplied it the same day.
The Commission observed that “no such attempt to access the available information was made” by the previous CPIO.
On the applicant’s request for her descriptive answer sheet, the Commission said the CPIO wrongly relied on an internal board policy to deny disclosure and “appears to be oblivious to Section 22 of the RTI Act”, which gives the law overriding effect over inconsistent rules.
The Commission also criticised the officers’ conduct during the proceedings, observing that one CPIO “remained nonchalant”, neither officer “paid any heed” to its interim order and their “disregard towards the provisions of the RTI Act is rather deliberate in the instant matter.” PTI MHS RT
This report is auto-generated from PTI news service. ThePrint holds no responsibility for its content.

‘We are not dictatorship’: Madras High Court upholds citizens’ right to know under RTI - Written by: Vineet Upadhyay

The Indian Express: New Delhi: Tuesday, 30 June 2026.
The Madras High Court was hearing a plea filed by the public information officer and official trustee of a public trust against an order of the state information commission, directing disclosure of the financial records of the trust.

Right to information (RTI) is an integral part of right to know, the Madras High Court said. (Image generated using AI)

Observing that India is “not a dictatorship” where public authorities can keep citizens in the dark, the Madras High Court has ordered the disclosure of the financial records of a public charitable trust under the Right to Information Act (RTI), ruling that a sweeping claim of fiduciary privilege cannot defeat transparency in the functioning of statutory authorities.
Justice V Lakshminarayanan was hearing a writ petition filed by the Public Information Officer-cum-Administrator General and Official Trustee of Tamil Nadu against an order of the Tamil Nadu State Information Commission (TNSIC), which had directed disclosure of the balance sheets, audit reports, immovable property register, and demand, collection, and arrears records of the V Thiruvengadathan Chetty Charities.
“This country, by its Preamble, declares it to be a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic. We are not a dictatorship nor do we live under an iron curtain, for the public authorities to retain information and keep it away from the citizenry,” the court said on June 4, tracing the constitutional roots of the citizen‘s right to know.
The case stemmed from an RTI application filed by S Srikumar, a member of the Arya Vysya community, who sought the trust’s financial records after raising concerns that the charity had reduced educational assistance to beneficiaries to Rs 50,000, citing a lack of funds. He sought to examine whether the trust’s finances justified the reduced assistance and whether its funds were being managed in accordance with the objects of the trust.

If information is sought to be used for voyeuristic pleasure, which would affect the right to privacy of another individual, the same has to be refused under RTI. (File image)

On August 17, 2023, Srikumar sought copies of the trust’s balance sheets for the previous five financial years, audit reports, immovable property register, demand, collection, and arrears details, besides a copy of the founder’s will and earlier court orders.
While the official trustee furnished certain judicial records, it refused to disclose the will and financial documents, claiming they were exempt under Section 8(1)(e) of the RTI Act as information held in a fiduciary capacity.
The first appellate authority upheld the refusal. However, on October 3, 2025, the Tamil Nadu State Information Commission directed the official trustee to disclose the financial records after finding that the trust was a public charitable trust and that a larger public interest warranted disclosure.
Challenging that order, the official trustee approached the high court.
Right to know part of Constitution
Justice Lakshminarayanan said that the right to information is not merely a statutory right but flows from Articles 19(1)(a) and 21 of the Constitution. Referring to landmark Supreme Court decisions beginning with State of Uttar Pradesh vs Raj Narain, S P Gupta vs Union of India, Reliance Petrochemicals Limited v s Indian Express Newspapers, and the ‘Electoral Bonds’ judgment, the court held that citizens have a constitutional right to know how public authorities function. The court said that secrecy cannot become the norm in a democratic republic.
The high court further pointed out that the principle of transparency in the functioning of the official trustee is not a new concept. It said that even the colonial-era rules governing the office, framed over a century ago, required openness and permitted beneficiaries to inspect trust records, allowing only genuinely confidential information to be withheld.
“Even the colonial Government wanted the Official Trustee to be open and transparent. This position prevailed 113 years ago. Only such information, which was confidential, was called upon to be withheld from the beneficiaries,” the court said.
If such transparency existed under British rule, the court said, there was even less justification for withholding information after the enactment of the RTI Act, which has further narrowed the grounds on which public authorities can refuse disclosure.
“This shows that disclosure is the name of the game under the Rules, and refusal of information is only an exception. By virtue of the Right to Information Act, the scope of refusal has been further reduced,” the high court added.
The court accepted the information commission’s finding that disclosure served a larger public interest because the trust was created to provide educational assistance to economically weaker members of the Arya Vysya community.
According to the judgment, greater transparency would allow beneficiaries and members of the community to understand how the trust’s funds were being spent and whether financial constraints cited by the trust were genuine. “The balance sheets, audit report, immovable property register, demand, collection and arrear details of each of those properties satisfy the larger public interest,” the court said.
The high court also rejected the argument that the official trustee should be treated as an extension of the judiciary. The court held that the official trustee is appointed by the Government under the Official Trustees Act, 1913, functions as a statutory authority and therefore qualifies as a “public authority” under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act. “The Office of the Official Trustee is not a part of the sovereign function of the judiciary. He is a statutory authority and remains one,” the court said.
‘Right to Information integral part of right to know’
Right to information is an integral part of right to know.
Unless and until, a person gets access to the information, he / she will not be in a position to know as to how a public authority functions.
This right to know has not been expressly enumerated as a fundamental right under Part-III of the Constitution.
Yet, realizing the importance, the Supreme Court, atleast 50 years ago, held that citizens have a Right to be informed about official functions and public acts.
Interpreting Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution, the Supreme Court declared that every citizen have a right to be informed.
The Supreme Court held that the right to know is an essential ingredient of a free and open Government.
The fate of a nation will obviously take precedence over the interests of an individual.
Similarly, if information is sought to be used for voyeuristic pleasure, which would affect the right to privacy of another individual, the same has to be refused.
Rejecting another argument advanced by the petitioner, the court held that while the Official Trustees Act is a special legislation governing trustees, the RTI Act is the special law dealing with access to information.
Since Parliament expressly gave the RTI Act overriding effect through Section 22, information cannot be denied unless it squarely falls within one of the statutory exemptions, the court added. The court further observed that records regularly submitted by the official trustee to the government during audits cannot simultaneously be withheld from beneficiaries.
The court, however, upheld the refusal to provide a copy of the founder’s will under the RTI Act, holding that it forms part of judicial records and can instead be obtained by following the procedure prescribed under the Madras High Court Original Side Rules.
Finding no infirmity in the information commission’s order, the high court dismissed the writ petition and directed the official trustee to furnish the financial records sought under Clause 4 of the RTI application within two weeks from the date of uploading of the judgment.
The court also imposed costs of Rs 10,000 on the incumbent official trustee, making it clear that the amount shall not be paid from the trust’s funds. “The cost shall not be borne out of the funds or accounts of the Trust,” the court directed.

New RTI Framework in Maharashtra: Key Highlights of the 2026 Rules

SCC Online: Maharashtra: Tuesday, 30 June 2026.
Maharashtra Government has issued Right to Information Rules, 2026 to streamline procedures for applications, prescribe fees, define exemptions, and strengthen appeal and accountability mechanisms.

On 12 June 2026, the Maharashtra Government notified the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2026, introducing a framework that prescribes the procedure for seeking information and secures the right of citizens to obtain information from public authorities across Maharashtra.

• Key Highlights:These Rules have been framed by the Maharashtra Government under the Section 18(3), 19(10) and 27(2) of the Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI Act).
• Rule 3 prescribes the format and conditions for RTI applications, as under:
• Applications must be submitted in the prescribed format (Annexure ‘A’)
• The format must include the applicant’s details and the particulars of the information sought.
• A ₹30 application fee is required.
• The original format contained a requirement to state the “purpose of information sought,” which was later omitted through the Maharashtra Right to Information (Amendment) Rules, 2026.
• Rule 4 prescribes the following charges:
• ₹5 per page for A4 or smaller size documents
• ₹5 per page for digital/scanned copies
• Actual cost for larger documents or samples
• Inspection: first hour free, then ₹50 per hour
• Postal charges: ₹50 or actual cost where applicable
• Fees are waived for persons below the poverty line, subject to proof; however, where the information is voluminous, the first 50 pages are provided free, and charges apply for the remaining pages.
• Fees may be paid through:
• Cash
• Court fee stamp
• Demand draft / bankers’ cheque / postal order
• Treasury deposit
• Electronic modes such as UPI and online payment systems
• Every applicant is required to attach a self-attested photo identity proof along with the application, failing which the application may be returned.
• Under Rule 13, personal information is exempt from disclosure unless justified by overriding public interest, aligning with Section 8 of the RTI Act.
• A person dissatisfied with the response can file a first appeal before the First Appellate Authority in Annexure ‘B’ with a ₹50 fee and basic supporting documents.
• If still dissatisfied, a second appeal can be filed before the State Information Commission in Annexure ‘C’ with a ₹100 fee along with all relevant documents, submitted in three copies.
• Under Rule 22, in appeals or complaints, the burden of proof lies on the party making the claim, and the applicant must show denial, delay, or incorrect information.
• The Public Information Officer or authority must justify its action in accordance with the provisions of the RTI Act.
• Under Rule 23, appeals may be withdrawn on request, but costs may be imposed if withdrawn after notice, and proceedings end if the appellant dies.
• The Commission issues written orders, and the same procedure applicable to appeals also applies to complaints.
• The Commission also has the power to pass necessary procedural orders, correct errors, and allow authorised representatives to present cases.

Private School Not Subject To RTI Merely Because PSU Paid Fees For Its Employees' Wards: Chhattisgarh High Court

Live Law: Chhattisgarh: Tuesday, 30 June 2026.

The Chhattisgarh High Court has held that a private educational institution does not become a "public authority" under the Right to Information Act, 2005 merely because a Public Sector Undertaking reimburses the deficit arising from concessional fees charged to the wards of its employees. The Court observed that such a contractual financial arrangement cannot be construed as "substantial financing" so as to attract the provisions of Section 2(h) of the RTI Act.
Justice Amitendra Kishore Prasad was hearing a batch of writ petitions filed by DAV Public School, challenging orders of the Central Information Commission whereby the school was treated as a "public authority", its Principal was treated as a deemed Public Information Officer, and a penalty was imposed. The dispute arose after the wife of respondent No. 3, who had been appointed on an ad hoc basis in the petitioner school, was discontinued from service. Thereafter, respondent No. 3 filed RTI applications before the CPIO, South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), seeking information. Although the petitioner consistently maintained that it was not a public authority under the RTI Act, the CIC directed it to furnish the information.
The petitioner contended that the Memorandum of Understanding with SECL merely required SECL to reimburse the deficit arising from concessional fees charged to the wards of its employees. It was argued that the arrangement was purely contractual and did not amount to ownership, control or substantial financing by SECL.
The Court noted that the determinative factors for bringing an institution within the fold of the Act are ownership, control, or substantial financing by the State or its instrumentalities. It reiterated that "substantial financing" means funding of such magnitude that the institution is practically dependent upon the Government for its existence, and that mere grants, subsidies, exemptions or other forms of financial assistance do not satisfy this test.
The Court found that the petitioner school was managed by the DAV College Managing Committee, had its own independent financial structure and was neither owned nor controlled by SECL. It held that reimbursement of the deficit arising from concessional education provided to the wards of SECL employees was a contractual arrangement and did not amount to substantial financing.
“… the documentary material brought on record, and the settled legal principles governing the field, this Court arrives at a firm, definitive, and well reasoned conclusion that the petitioner institution does not fall within the ambit of a “public authority” as defined under Section 2(h) of the RTI Act,” the Court observed.
The Court further observed that the mere presence of SECL representatives in the Local Managing Committee did not establish administrative control over the institution. It also held that the Principal of the petitioner school could not be treated as a deemed Public Information Officer since the deeming fiction under Sections 5(4) and 5(5) of the RTI Act operates only in relation to a public authority.
Accordingly, the Court allowed the writ petitions and set aside the impugned orders of the Central Information Commission.
Case Title: DAV Public School v. Central Information Commission & Ors. [WPC No. 3145 of 2020] and connected matters.
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Over 1k unclaimed bodies found in Bathinda in 16 years: RTI query

Times of India: Bathinda: Monday, 29 June 2026.
Only 357 of 1,023 unclaimed bodies recovered from 2010-11 to 2025-26 under the jurisdiction of 19 police stations in Bathinda district have been identified, according to police data procured by RTI activist Sanjeev Goyal.

The RTI reply from the Bathinda SSP office, which Goyal received recently after filing his query on Feb 13, shows that recoveries peaked over the last few years. A maximum of 99 unclaimed bodies were recovered in 2021-22, followed by 93 in 2022-23, and 92 in 2024-25. Police said most of the bodies were retrieved from water bodies, including the reservoirs of the now-closed Guru Nanak Dev thermal plant.
Kotwali police station recorded the highest number of recoveries at 388, followed closely by Talwandi Sabo police station with 301. Other major recoveries were recorded at Nathana (48), Canal Colony (34), Rama (33), Bathinda Sadar (32), Rampura Sadar (28), Civil Lines (23), and Balianwali (20).
As many as 19 bodies each were recovered from Cantt and Nehiawala, 15 from Phool, 13 each from Sangat and Kotfatta, and 12 from Rampura City. Nandgarh police station saw just one recovery. The remaining police stations recorded between four and 11 recoveries.

17,435 pipe bursts in 10 years in Perumbavoor: RTI

Times of India: Kochi: Monday, 29 June 2026.
Even as various parts of Ernakulam face acute shortage of drinking water, a total of 17,435 pipe bursts in Perumbavoor area alone were reported KWA’s supply network in the past decade, causing a loss of Rs 7 crore for repairs, reveals an RTI reply.

In an RTI reply given to Govindan Namboothiri of Kochi, KWA said a total of 3,444 pipe bursts occurred under its Perumbavoor section in last 10 years. KWA suffered a loss of Rs 4 crore on repair works. Around 519 water theft cases in Perumbavoor section limits were reported during the same period.
Under Kuruppampady PH section, 13,991 pipe bursts occurred from 2016-17 to May 5, 2026, for which Rs 3 crore had to be spent on repair works, said the RTI reply.
“People in several parts of the district are suffering from acute shortage of drinking water. At the same time, crores of litres of water is being lost due to pipe bursts. KWA has been unable to take steps to prevent such pipe breaks and save precious drinking water,” said Namboothiri.
Meanwhile, KWA officials said that old pipes in the supply network are causing frequent pipe bursts. “More than 100 pipe bursts in the limits of a section is huge. One of the major reasons for the pipe bursts is that the network mainly constitutes old pipes. We will have to replace such old pipes with new ones,” said a senior KWA official.
The RTI reply also stated that two water reservoirs and one pump house under Kuruppampady section are in poor condition. Namboothiri has urged govt to take urgent steps to prevent water leaks and theft.

Centre got no proposal on Cachar airport for which tea plants were uprooted: RTI

The News Mill: Guwahati: Monday, 29 June 2026.

Centre got no proposal on Cachar airport for which tea plants were uprooted | Photo: Video grab

After around 30 lakh tea plants were uprooted as part of land acquisition for a greenfield airport in southern Assam’s Silchar, the civil aviation ministry has now said that it received no proposal for construction of such an airport.
An RTI reply from the Centre revealed that no proposal was sent to the ministry to set up the greenfield airport.
The Assam cabinet on May 29 decided that a payment of Rs 1 lakh as compensation would be provided to each of the 1,263 families of Doloo tea garden (a total of Rs 12.63 crore) as a goodwill gesture for their cooperation in the development work of greenfield airport at Silchar.
Doloo Tea Garden Save Coordination Committee (DTGSCC) on June 3 called a protest rally on June 15 against the “conspiracy to affect the livelihood of hundreds of tea garden workers”.

Security forces deployed at Doloo Tea Garden

Chief public information officer (under secretary) of the civil aviation ministry Amit Kumar Jha following a query under the Right to Information Act categorically said that the ministry has not received any proposal for construction of a greenfield airport at Cachar district of Assam.
He said that the government has formulated a Greenfield Airports (GFA) Policy, 2008 which provides guidelines, procedure and conditions for establishment of new greenfield airports in the country.
“As per the policy, an airport developer, including the state government, willing to establish an airport is required to send a proposal to the ministry of civil aviation, in the prescribed format for a two-stage process – site clearance followed by in-principle approval,” the official said in his reply to the RTI queries.
The government has accorded in-principle approval for setting up of 21 greenfield airports across the country, the May 31 reply said.
The contentious greenfield airport in Cachar district’s Doloo tea garden found no mention in the list of 21 Greenfield airports that have received “in-principle” approval from the ministry, news agency IANS reported.
Cachar district administrations deployed hundreds of security forces and over 100 earthmovers on May 12 to uproot 30 lakh tea plants and acquire 2,600 bighas (1,550 acres) of land for the greenfield airport on 5,733 acres. Before the district administration’s response, 144 CrPc was enforced to prevent demonstrations.
Doloo tea garden has roughly 1,900 regular and non-regular workers.
DTGSCC leaders Arindam Deb, Shanti Kumar Sinha, and Hillol Bhattacharjee stated it’s a plot that the Cachar district administration initiated land acquisition for a fictional airport without making a proposal to the central government.
They said the tea garden employees were being targeted to build a real estate business.

Passport-holding NRIs qualify as 'citizens' under RTI, 2010 govt records show

Economic Times: New Delhi: Monday, 29 June 2026.
Documents from 2010 reveal the Centre's interpretation of 'citizen' under the RTI Act, including Indian passport holders abroad but excluding OCIs and PIOs. This resurfaces as the legal status of Indian passports, whether proof of citizenship or a travel document, is debated. The MEA clarified passports are travel documents, not conclusive proof of citizenship, sparking political controversy and and calls for legislative changes.

Passport-holding NRIs qualify as 'citizens' under RTI, 2010 govt records show

Records of inter-ministerial deliberations from 2010 show that the Centre had interpreted the term "citizen" under the Right to Information (RTI) Act to include Indian passport holders living abroad, while excluding Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs).
The documents, detailing consultations between the Ministries of External Affairs (MEA) and Home Affairs (MHA), have resurfaced at a time when the legal status of an Indian passport, whether it is conclusive proof of citizenship or primarily a travel document, has come under renewed public scrutiny.
The issue came up after US-based NRIs wrote to then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, urging the government to "recognise the legitimate desire of Indians living abroad to exercise their franchise and to have a voice in the governance of India."
Subsequent discussions among the MEA, MHA, Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (MOIA) and the Central Information Commission (CIC) focused solely on interpreting the term "citizen" under the RTI Act, particularly after some RTI applicants sought to bring OCIs within its ambit.
During hearings before the CIC, the MEA maintained that the term "citizens" includes only persons holding Indian passports and living or working abroad i.e., NRIs and excludes OCIs and PIOs. Since the MHA is the nodal ministry on citizenship matters, its views were sought.
The records show that the MEA separately informed the MHA that the RTI Act's definition of "citizen" should cover NRIs but not OCIs or PIOs. The MHA endorsed this interpretation, while the DoPT and MOIA also supported referring the matter to the Home Ministry for a final view.
The deliberations were also prompted by difficulties faced by Indian RTI activists based overseas in filing applications, leading the CIC to hold meetings with government departments to streamline the process.
Why the issue resurfaced
The issue has returned to the spotlight after the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) clarified that an Indian passport is a travel document and not conclusive proof of citizenship. Speaking during Passport Seva Divas on June 24, a senior MEA official reiterated that while passports are issued after due verification, citizenship is determined under the Citizenship Act, not the Passports Act.
Legal experts say the government's position reflects the existing legal framework. While citizenship is governed by the Citizenship Act, 1955, passports are issued under the Passports Act, 1967, to facilitate international travel. Courts, including the Bombay High Court, have also held that possession of an Indian passport, by itself, does not conclusively establish citizenship.
The clarification, however, triggered a political row. Congress MP Shashi Tharoor described it as an "absurd legal paradox" and called for legislative changes to recognise passports as conclusive proof of citizenship. Leaders from the Trinamool Congress and Shiv Sena (UBT), including West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, also questioned what document citizens could rely on if a passport itself was not treated as definitive proof of citizenship.

RTI at 21: Study flags data gaps, rising backlogs, appeal pendency across Union government - By Jag Jivan

Counterview: National: Monday, 29 June 2026.
As the Right to Information (RTI) Act completed 21 years since its enactment on June 21, 2005, a detailed analysis of the Central Information Commission's (CIC) Annual Report for 2024-25 has raised questions about reporting accuracy, transparency practices and the overall implementation of the law across Union government institutions.

The study, conducted by Venkatesh Nayak, Director of the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative (CHRI), examines RTI statistics submitted by 53 Union ministries, the Departments of Atomic Energy and Space, and 12 key public authorities including the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), Supreme Court, Election Commission of India, Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), Delhi Police and the CIC itself.
The analysis compares RTI performance indicators for 2024-25 with those of 2023-24 and identifies a range of improvements as well as areas of concern in the implementation of the transparency law.
"The CIC does not appear to have deeply examined the data submitted by public authorities, ministries and departments," Nayak said in the report. "After 21 years of enforcement of the RTI Act, the CIC must make the effort to redefine its role from being a mere accountant of RTI statistics to that of an auditor of the performance of ministries, departments and public authorities vis-à-vis their obligations under the regime of transparency established by the RTI Act."
One of the key findings relates to reporting compliance. According to the study, the RTI Online Portal currently lists 2,914 public authorities. However, the CIC's annual report states that RTI statistics were received from 2,303 public authorities and describes this as 100 per cent compliance. The study argues that the discrepancy raises questions about the basis of the CIC's compliance claim.
The report also notes that the Union Territory administration of Ladakh has not reported RTI statistics since the reorganisation of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir in 2019.
The volume of RTI applications continued to grow during 2024-25, albeit modestly. The study records a 2.52 per cent increase in RTI applications compared with the previous year. Excluding Union Territories, the growth rate falls to 1.26 per cent. However, compared with 2020-21, the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase stands at 34 per cent.
For the first time, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs emerged as the largest recipient of RTI applications, receiving approximately 2.54 lakh requests through its 65 reporting public authorities. This surpassed the Ministry of Finance, which received about 2.20 lakh applications through more than 200 reporting authorities.
The study found that five ministries—Corporate Affairs, Finance, Railways, Education and Defence—accounted for more than half of all RTI applications filed during 2024-25, despite representing only about one-fourth of the reporting public authorities.
While application volumes increased, the backlog of pending RTI requests also grew by 3.03 per cent across reporting public authorities. However, the Ministry of Corporate Affairs reported a dramatic reduction in pending applications, from 12,413 in 2023-24 to 1,619 in 2024-25.
Several prominent institutions reported substantial increases in pending RTI applications. These included the Indian Air Force, PMO, Election Commission of India, Central Information Commission and NITI Aayog.
The study also highlighted a significant rise in transfers of RTI applications between public authorities. Such transfers increased by nearly 18 per cent, from 2.37 lakh in 2023-24 to 2.80 lakh in 2024-25. The Cabinet Secretariat transferred more than half of the RTI applications it received, while the Ministry of Corporate Affairs recorded the lowest transfer ratio among major ministries.
 
A notable trend identified by the report is the decline in RTI fee collections despite an increase in applications. Application fees collected fell by 6.15 per cent and additional fees declined by 4.21 per cent. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs, despite receiving 13.07 per cent more applications, reported a 31.36 per cent drop in fee collections.
The analysis also points to inconsistencies in penalty-related data. While the CIC's narrative report states that penalties amounting to Rs 1.56 lakh were imposed on errant Central Public Information Officers (CPIOs), the aggregated statistical table records only Rs 453 as penalties collected by public authorities. The study notes several reported penalty collections as low as Re 1, Rs 2, Rs 4, Rs 17 and Rs 79, figures that appear inconsistent with the RTI Act's minimum penalty provision of Rs 250.
The number of RTI applications replied to by public authorities declined from 14.30 lakh in 2023-24 to 13.81 lakh in 2024-25, representing a decrease of 3.46 per cent.
Contrary to frequent claims that RTI requests impose excessive burdens on officials, the study found that the average workload per CPIO actually decreased. The annual average expected workload fell from 63.88 RTI applications per CPIO in 2023-24 to 63.02 in 2024-25. Based on actual replies, the annual average declined from 53.15 to 49.85 applications per CPIO.
The report also examined rejection trends. According to the CIC, approximately 58,500 RTI applications were rejected during 2024-25. However, the exemption-wise totals in the annual report indicate 57,985 rejections. The study relies on the latter figure for its analysis.
A significant finding is that nearly 35 per cent of all RTI rejections were classified under unspecified reasons grouped under "others" rather than under the exemption provisions of Sections 8, 9, 11 or 24 of the RTI Act.
The Ministry of Finance accounted for more than one-third of all RTI rejections across the Union government and Union Territories. The Ministries of Home Affairs and Defence followed, with the three ministries together accounting for nearly 58 per cent of all rejections.
The report also notes that the Election Commission of India officially reported zero RTI rejections during both 2023-24 and 2024-25. However, Nayak stated that he had personally received denials of information under Section 7(9) from Election Commission officials during the same period.
Another notable trend was a sharp decline in the use of Section 8(1)(a), the national security exemption. Its invocation dropped from 2,206 instances in 2023-24 to 1,008 in 2024-25. By contrast, the use of Section 8(1)(j), relating to personal privacy, increased and accounted for nearly 39 per cent of all exemption-based rejections.
The study specifically addressed concerns often raised about RTI requests affecting national security. According to the analysis, the Indian Army invoked the national security exemption only once during 2024-25, compared with 60 times in the previous year. Most Army rejections were based on personal privacy grounds.
The appeals process emerged as another area of concern. The number of first appeals filed across the Union government was approximately two-and-a-half times higher than the number of rejections, suggesting widespread dissatisfaction with responses received from public authorities.
Nearly 40 per cent of first appeals remained pending at the end of 2024-25. The Ministries of Finance, Education, Railways, Defence and Home Affairs together accounted for more than half of all first appeals filed.
The study also reported a sharp reduction in the number of First Appellate Authorities (FAAs), from the previous year, resulting in a near doubling of average workload per FAA. Nevertheless, the annual average disposal burden remained below 10 appeals per FAA.
Among major public institutions, the poorest first-appeal disposal rates were reported by the Supreme Court of India, Election Commission of India, Comptroller and Auditor General and the Prime Minister's Office. In contrast, the President's Secretariat and the Central Information Commission recorded disposal rates exceeding 90 per cent.
Calling for a broader review of RTI implementation, Nayak argued that two decades after the law came into force, insufficient effort has been made to assess how RTI has improved governance and administrative accountability.
"There is much that needs to be done to improve the performance of CPIOs and FAAs," he said. "Perhaps it is time to appoint a body to examine the impact of RTI on the public administration at the Union and state levels."
The study marks the first in a planned series of analyses examining implementation trends in individual ministries, departments and public authorities based on the CIC's latest annual report.

Hiked fee, photo ID & word limit—How Maharashtra’s new RTI rules amend filing process

The Print: New Delhi: Monday, 29 June 2026.
Introduced under Section 27 of RTI Act which empowers states to decide on procedures, fees & administrative requirements, Rules are being seen as ‘roadblock to info’.

Central Information Commission in New Delhi | Representational image | Commons

The Maharashtra Right to Information Rules 2026 have amended how citizens can exercise their right to information under the Right to Information Act (RTI), 2005.
The Rules, which have already drawn criticism, came into effect through a gazette notification issued by the state’s general administration department on 12 June. They were introduced under the authority of Section 27 of the RTI Act which empowers states to frame rules on procedures, fees, and administrative requirements.
The Rules introduce a word limit and subject restriction for applications, a notable departure from earlier norms. RTI applications must now be confined to a single subject and limited to 150 words. If an applicant seeks information on multiple subjects, separate applications are required.
Speaking with ThePrint on how the new requirements, such as the 150‑word limit, affect the ability of ordinary citizens to exercise their right to information, RTI activist Anjali Bharadwaj said: “A majority of RTI applications in the country are filed by the poor and marginalised who do not have the ability to distil their queries into short questions. The 150-word limit will affect them adversely.”
“In a democracy, people have the right to seek information from their government. In keeping with the letter and spirit of the RTI Act, the government must not place such restrictions on applicants; instead, it should make an effort to provide access to information sought by people.”
She also noted that the RTI Act specifically requires public authorities to assist information seekers and even reduce oral applications in writing.
“The Rules should facilitate people’s right to access information by enabling pro-people provisions rather than creating administrative and bureaucratic bottlenecks in filing applications. Using length of RTI applications as a ground for rejecting the request is unreasonable,” Bharadwaj asserted.
The Maharashtra RTI Rules also make it compulsory for applicants to attach a self‑attested photo identity document to establish citizenship.
Bharadwaj said the photo ID requirement is against the spirit of the RTI Act, which allowed applicants to remain anonymous beyond basic contact details.
“Although the Indian RTI Act can be used only by citizens, mandatorily requiring furnishing of photo ID is unnecessary. This will most adversely impact people from vulnerable and marginalised backgrounds—the homeless, poor, migrants, workers and women,” she told ThePrint.
The new rules further provide for an increase in the application fee, as well as higher charges for obtaining copies of documents and digital extracts. They also specify that appeals now carry a fee.
The revised fee structure has drawn the sharpest criticism from activists. The application fee has been hiked from Rs 10 to Rs 30, photocopy charges from Rs 2 to Rs 5 per A4 page, and digital copies will now be charged at Rs 5 per page. The fee for first and second appeals is Rs 50 and Rs 100, respectively. 
Applicants below the poverty line are exempted from paying application and photocopy charges, but this exemption is not absolute. The rules specify that only the first 50 pages of such photocopies of the requested material are free of cost, and once that limit is crossed, the standard rates apply for photocopies and further information.
The RTI Act itself does not prescribe fixed amounts for applications or copies; it simply states that applicants may be charged “reasonable fees” as determined by the rules made under the Act. Under the legislation, below poverty line applicants are exempt from all fees, including application charges and photocopy charges,
The Rules also address repetitive requests. If information has already been provided earlier, the Public Information Officer (PIO) can dispose of repeated applications by referring to the previous correspondence. Such limits are not covered under the Act.
‘Need is to strengthen RTI regime’
On the issue of proactive disclosure, the Maharashtra RTI Rules place responsibility squarely on the heads of public authorities to ensure compliance with Section 4 of the RTI Act.
Section 4 is part of the central Act that requires public authorities to publish key information about their organisation, functions, decision‑making processes, budgets, and subsidies on a routine basis, without waiting for individual RTI applications.
The 2005 Act framed this as a broad obligation, but it lacked detailed mechanisms. The Rules tighten this by making the heads of departments personally accountable for ensuring that proactive disclosure to publish information is carried out in practice.
The Rules also introduce a procedural change regarding appeals. If a second appeal is pending before the State Information Commission and in case of death of appellant during the course of proceedings, such appeal shall abate.
According the Bharadwaj, the amendments may become a pretext to reject RTI applications.
“Even through processes like SIR (special intensive revision of electoral rolls in which people had to furnish proof of identity), we have seen the disproportionate impact on vulnerable communities. This will become a new pretext for the government to reject RTI applications,” she said.
“Thousands of people have been threatened and attacked, and over 100 have been killed, for seeking information under the RTI Act and exposing corruption and wrongdoing. The whistleblower protection law, which was passed in 2014, has not been operationalised till date. In this scenario, the urgency is to strengthen and improve the RTI regime not place roadblocks in access to information,” she added.

2 RTI activists held for bid to extort ₹15 lakh from Thane school

Hindustan Times: Thane: Sunday, June 28, 2026.
Two RTI activists were arrested for allegedly extorting ₹15 lakh from a school official by threatening to report building violations.

Two Right to Information (RTI) activists were arrested for allegedly attempting to extort ₹15 lakh from the administrative officer of a school by threatening the management with demolition action.
The Thane crime branch’s Anti-Extortion Cell arrested the accused on Thursday. Police said the duo allegedly filed false complaints with the Thane Municipal Corporation claiming the school building of St Xavier’s High School and Junior College on Ghodbunder Road was unauthorised and demanded money to withdraw them.
The arrested men were identified as Pramod Chandrakant Pardeshi alias Rajveer Rajput, 46, an advertising hoarding fabricator from Naupada, and Narayan Omprakash Sharma, 38, a private firm employee from Srinagar in Thane.
Police said the complainant, Birbal Govinda Bandgar, 50, the school’s administrative officer, approached the AEC alleging that the duo initially demanded ₹25 lakh to withdraw the complaints before agreeing to accept ₹15 lakh.
Senior inspector Shailesh Salvi of the AEC said the allegations were verified before a trap was laid at Ravi Compound in Pachpakhadi on Thursday afternoon.
“As soon as Rajput and Sharma accepted ₹15 lakh from Bandgar, the AEC team caught them,” Salvi said, adding that the operation was led by assistant police inspector Bhushan Kapdnis.
The accused were produced before a local court, which remanded them to police custody till June 29.
Based on Bandgar’s complaint, Naupada police have registered an FIR against the duo under Sections 308(2) and 3(5) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita.

Indian passport holders abroad treated as citizens for using RTI

Times of India: Ahmedabad: Sunday, June 28, 2026.
Amid the ongoing debate on whether passport is a conclusive proof of citizenship or just a travel document, records of interministerial deliberations in 2010 over who can avail of Right to Information Act, show that MEA and MHA agreed that holders of Indian passports residing abroad can be treated as “citizens” for the purpose of availing of the benefits of information law.

It differentiated the passport holders living abroad from Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) and Overseas Citizens of India (OCIs) saying that the latter two categories cannot take recourse to RTI.
The issue of citizenship on RTI applicant was considered by govt as representation was filed in the govt by US-based NRIs who wrote a letter to then PM Manmohan Singh to “recognise the legitimate desire of Indian living abroad to exercise their franchise and to have a voice in the governance of India”.
The discussion among various govt departments was confined to the issue of definition of citizen under the RTI Act. The documents revealed that MEA had recognised that attempts had been made by some RTI applicants to bring OCIs under the definition “Indian citizen” for purposes of filing applications under the RTI Act.
But MEA and MHA had agreed that only Indian passport holders living/ working abroad (i.e. NRIs) can seek information under the RTI Act and OCIs are not covered under this definition. As some of the Indian RTI activists based in foreign countries faced problems in filing applications, they approached the Central Information Commission which held meetings with officials to streamline the process.
“At the hearing, MEA said that in MEA’s view, the term ‘citizens’ includes persons holding Indian passports working/ living abroad which means NRIs only. The term does not include OCIs and PIOs. As MHA is the nodal ministry in respect of the subject matters relating to citizenship, OCIs and PIOs, it is imperative to seek the views of MHA. DoPT and MOIA expressed similar views and suggested that the matter may be referred to MHA. On May 12 hearing, MEA had separately conveyed to MHA that the definition of ‘citizen’ under RTI Act would also include NRIs, not OCIs and PIOs. MEA’s views were endorsed by MHA.

RTI : Small-town eye doctor’s big-impact medical activism lands recognition

New Indian Express: Thiruvananthapuram: Saturday, 27 June 2026.
Armed with the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the 62-year-old spends his early mornings peer-reviewing the Indian healthcare system itself.

Dr BabuPhoto | Express

Dr Babu K V lives a dual life. He spends most of his day examining patients at his small eye clinic in Payyannur, Kannur. This scrutiny, however, is markedly different from the activity that he wakes up to.
Armed with the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the 62-year-old spends his early mornings peer-reviewing the Indian healthcare system itself. It is this life of healing and whistleblowing that has earned this lifelong rebel, who as a medical student in the 1980s kept those in power in the state on their toes, the Indian Medical Association’s ‘National Leadership Award’ for his crusade to bring transparency in medicine.
His primary weapon has been the systematic yet relentless deployment of the RTI Act. Waking up at 2am every day, Babu dedicates two to three hours to rigorous legal research and drafting before heading to the gym and opening his clinic.
Since launching a massive second spell of online RTIs in January 2022 initially targeting medical students’ stipends he has filed over 2,000 applications and subsequent appeals, a milestone likely unmatched by an Indian doctor. He has filed more than 100 RTIs tracking misleading advertisements by Patanjali alone, systematically using the legal mechanism to push for regulatory transparency and asset disclosures within the Medical Council.
Babu’s most profound battle came in 2018 when he challenged the central government’s restriction on the manufacture and sale of Oxytocin. Armed with data gathered through RTI filings, he equipped a national network of activists with evidence needed to fight the case, and together they secured a favourable judgment in the Supreme Court.
His RTI data also proved decisive in a separate SC victory, helping doctors obtain the Covid-19 compensation the government had promised. Now, his long-running fight for patients’ right to appeal against state medical council decisions is in its final stages of fulfilment.
The relentless activist has a long history of fighting powers that be. Babu’s history of defiance began during his formative years, as part of the first medical entrance batch at Kozhikode Government Medical College, followed by postgraduation at the Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi.
As a university union councillor, that he contested as a leftist independent, he was never one to stay silent. During the historic agitation by medicos, he staged fierce protests against the K Karunakaran government’s privatisation of medical colleges. By 1989, he went on a gruelling two-week hunger strike in Thiruvananthapuram to oppose the E K Nayanar government’s introduction of mixopathy.
Even within the IMA, Babu has maintained a fiercely independent voice, carving out a place that the organisation could neither ignore nor silence. To preserve the absolute freedom required for such fierce activism in an increasingly commercialised era, Babu has run an independent, single-doctor ophthalmic practice for the past 30 years. At home, he finds an understanding ally in his wife, Dr M V Bindu, assistant professor in the community medicine department at Kannur medical college hospital.
The IMA will host a ceremony on July 18 National Doctors’ Day to bestow on him the award.
Challenging Centre’s move
Babu’s most profound battle came in 2018 when he challenged the central government’s restriction on the manufacture and sale of Oxytocin. He equipped a national network of activists with evidence needed to fight the case, and together they secured a favourable judgment in the Supreme Court.

Maharashtra RTI rules amendments trigger widespread criticism, Anna Hazare threatens hunger strike : Purva Chitnis

The Print: Mumbai: Saturday, 27 June 2026.
Maharashtra govt has raised RTI application fee & charges for appeals. New rules also require applicants to upload their IDs, which critics say would make whistleblowers vulnerable.

The amendments effected by the Maharashtra government in RTI rules has triggered a wave of objections across the state, with anti-corruption activist Anna Hazare threatening to go on a hunger strike if they are not withdrawn, and some civil society members serving a legal notice on the chief secretary. 
The amendments in the RTI rules the Central Right to Information Act allows states to frame rules on certain aspects while keeping the Act’s substantive provisions intact are related to application and appeals fee hike. Also, applicants are now required to upload their photo IDs.
Anna Hazare has termed the new rules “illegal” and threatened to launch an indefinite hunger strike from 5 July if the Maharashtra government does not immediately withdraw. 
Hazare has written to Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis, saying the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2026, would “blunt the edge” of the RTI Act and block people’s access to information.
Hazare said the rules shift the burden onto citizens instead of fixing systemic failures. He noted that Section 4 of the RTI Act, which mandates proactive disclosure by public authorities, remains poorly implemented, forcing people to file applications.
Meanwhile, a legal notice has been sent by activists and former information officials such as ex-Central Information Commissioner Shailesh Gandhi, advocate Prahlad Kachare, RTI activist Vijay Kumbhar, journalist Vinita Deshmukh, civil rights activists Vivek Velankar, Jugal Rathi and Mohammed Afzal and other citizens who claimed the new rules could discourage whistleblowers, journalists, information-seekers from using RTI. 
These activists say they would also move the Bombay High Court if the rules are not withdrawn within 15 days.
“These amendments are directly opposing the main law. Certain provisions don’t come under their (state government’s) purview. These provisions contradict the main Act. Hence, we have sent a notice to the government,” RTI activist Vijay Kumbhar told ThePrint.
ThePrint reached out to the state’s chief secretary (to whom the legal notice is addressed) via email for a comment, but there was no response. The report will be updated if and when there is a response.
The amendments 
Earlier this month, the Maharashtra government issued a notification amending certain provisions under the RTI Rules, 2005, with new rules under the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2026. The changes would be implemented from 5 July.
Among the changes, the revised fee structure has drawn the sharpest criticism from activists. The application fee has been hiked from Rs 10 to Rs 30, photocopy charges from Rs 2 to Rs 5 per A4 page, and digital copies, earlier provided free of cost, will now be charged at Rs 5 per page.
Also, the fees for first and second appeals have gone to Rs 50 and Rs 100, respectively.  
Hazare said that there was no rationale or financial analysis done to increase the fee structures “RTI is not a revenue-generating law. If fees are raised after 20 years, penalties on officers who deny information should also be increased.”.
Besides, the mandatory upload of the self attested photo id along with the RTI application, which was not required earlier has also been objected to.
Activists say that this will put the life of activists and whistleblowers in danger.
Another provision includes “one subject per application’ and it imposes a 150 word limit what Hazare describes as unnecessary and burdensome and that the provision to summarily close repeat applications would block access to complete or updated information.
What other activists object to 
The legal notice sent by the activists and public intellectuals, accessed by ThePrint, says, “The cumulative effect of these provisions is to make access to information significantly more expensive and less accessible.”
The notice further states that, “Several provisions of the Maharashtra Right to Information Rules, 2026 appear to have been framed not for carrying out the provisions of the RTI Act but for restricting, discouraging and burdening the exercise of rights conferred by the Act. The cumulative effect of the Rules is to make access to information more expensive, more technical and more cumbersome than contemplated by Parliament.”
“It is a settled principle of law that delegated legislation must remain within the confines of the parent enactment and cannot override, dilute, restrict, defeat or impose substantive conditions upon rights conferred by Parliament. Rules are intended to carry out the Act and not to stifle the Act,” the notice says.
The activists have demanded these new rules be withdrawn immediately and a transparent and meaningful public consultation process involving RTI users, former information commissioners, journalists, activists, civil society members , legal experts conducted before framing new provisions or any rules.
“The government has not yet responded but just like any other government, we don’t expect them to respond to us and our next step is to go to the Bombay High Court,” said Kumbhar.
(Edited by Ajeet Tiwari)